Timeline of Somatic Therapy and Bodywork Styles

Psychotherapy has undergone a fascinating evolution, expanding from its early roots in talk therapy to increasingly incorporate body-centered and movement-based approaches. In the early 1900s, pioneers like Frederick Matthias Alexander began exploring the connection between the body and mind, leading to the development of somatic therapies. Over time, various body-oriented techniques emerged, such as Feldenkrais Method, Bioenergetic Analysis, Somatic Experiencing, and more. These methods acknowledged the importance of the body in emotional well-being, addressing trauma and personal growth through a combination of touch, movement, and mindfulness.  

As the benefits of integrating the body in therapy became increasingly recognized, more holistic approaches evolved, such as the NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) and Tension & Trauma Releasing Exercises (TRE). In recent years, further expansion in the field has led to the incorporation of ancient practices like Traditional Chinese Medicine, as well as more innovative techniques like Anatomy Train Theory and Rolfing. This ongoing evolution continues to enrich the therapeutic landscape, providing diverse and powerful tools for healing, growth, and transformation.The work of somatic therapy, a body centered approach to therapeutic therapy predates polyvagal theory by about 70 years by exploring the role of somatocized, or held emotions in the body consciousness. Early advocates of Wilhelm Reich and Alexander Lowen observed that the external environment of the child directly affects the body morphology and developing structure.

Later somatic styles of psychotherapy including bioenergetics, Alexander Technique, dance therapy and Feldenkrais expanded that understanding by examining the role of the tissue, emotions and how they infuence and become habitual patterns of movement.

 Early 1900s:

• Alexander Technique: Developed by Frederick Matthias Alexander, focusing on posture, movement, and mind-body unity. (1900-1910s)

Mid-1900s:

• Feldenkrais Method: Developed by Moshe Feldenkrais, emphasizing the relationship between mind, body, and movement. (1940s-1950s)
• Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957): Developed the concept of "orgone energy" and contributed to early somatic therapy approaches.
• Bioenergetic Analysis: Introduced by Alexander Lowen, a student of Reich.  Combines body techniques and talk therapy for emotional wellness. (1950 – present)
• Somatic Experiencing: Created by Peter Levine, addressing trauma through body-oriented techniques. (1970s)
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Developed by Aaron Beck, focusing on identifying and changing negative thought patterns. (1960s)
• Barbara Brennan (1939-present): Developed "Brennan Healing Science," a holistic energy healing approach integrating psychology, spirituality, and bioenergetics.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (Ancient): A holistic healthcare system incorporating acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and movement practices like tai chi and qigong.
• Family Constellations (1990s)

 Late 20th Century:

• NARM: NeuroAffective Relational Model by Dr. Laurence Heller, a somatic-oriented psychotherapy approach treating complex trauma.
• TRE: Tension & Trauma Releasing Exercises, combining somatic and polyvagal principles.