The Neuroscience of Uncertainty and Threat Anticipation
Uncertainty is inherently threatening to the nervous system. The brain is a predictive organ, constantly constructing models of reality to anticipate and control the future. When faced with uncertainty—whether waiting for test results, encountering an unpredictable environment, or navigating a high-stakes decision—the brain struggles to match present input with prior experience. This failure to predict leads to a heightened threat response, activating key brain regions like the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insular cortex.